Anticancer and free radical scavenging potency of Catharanthus roseus, Dendrophthoe petandra, Piper betle and Curcuma mangga extracts in breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

Wahyu Widowati, Tjandrawati Mozef, Chandra Risdian, Yellianty Yellianty

This research was conducted to identify the anticancer and antioxidant activity of Catharanthus roseus [L] G.Don, Dendrophtoe petandra L, Piper betle L and Curcuma mangga Val aqueous extracts in T47D human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line. The anticancer potency was determined via the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay while the apoptotic activity was determined with Sub-G1 flow cytometric analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. C.roseus was able to reduce T47D cell proliferation with a median inhibition concentration (IC50) of 2.8%; D.petandra 1.2%; P.betle 2.8%; and C.mangga 74.8%. The apoptotic analysis result showed that C.roseus induced apoptosis for 37.67%; D.petandra 24.03%; P.betle 9.45%; and C.mangga 0.41%. Meanwhile doxorubicin at 10 μg/ml induced apoptosis for 36.06%. The highest DPPH scavenging activity was recorded for P.betle extract as to be 83%; D.petandra 75.11%; C.roseus 71.87%; and the lowest for C.mangga as 38.45%. C.moseus and D.petandra aqueous extracts presented the highest anticancer activity by means of cell proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis. P.betle extract represented the strongest antioxidant activity. C.mangga extract exhibited no anticancer and only low antioxidant activity.